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Know More About Insulinby Any Safarodiyah, MD Type 1 diabetes mellitus patient always uses the insulin. Insulin is also used by type 2 patient in some conditions. These conditions includes rapid lose of body weight, high increase of blood sugar (severe hyperglycemia), ketoacidosis, and failure use of oral hypoglycemic agent in almost maximal dose. The main function of insulin is to maintain the blood sugar in normal rate. Insulin works this way: it engages with the insulin receptor which lies in the surface of a cell. This complex makes the sugar being deposited in the cell from the blood, so there will be no excessive sugar in the blood circulation. If insulin function disturbed, glucose is not permeated, remain to stay in the blood. As a result glucose amount in blood is rising. The condition can generate various negative effects, such as blood vessel damage, till damage of many organs, such as kidney, eye, brain, and other organ. Insulin regimens Insulin will be digested by digestion system, so it cannot be given orally. It should be administered in the form of injection subcutaneously (below/under the skin). Here are some insulin regimens: * Ultra short-acting insulin: very rapid onset (15 minutes) and short duration (5 hours), for example: Insulin lispro (Humalog), Insulin aspart (Novolog), insulin glulisine (Apidra). * Short-acting Insulin: onset between 30-60 minutes and last for 6-8 hours. Some of the regimens are: Actrapid, Humulin S * Intermediate-Acting Insulin: isophane insulin starts to work after two hours and lasts for 10-14 hours. This kind of insulin includes Humulin I, Insulatard, NPH Novolin, and Lente Iletin. * Long-Acting Insulin: slow onset (one or two hours), and last for 24 hours. The examples are zinc suspension (Hypurin Bovine Lente), protamine zinc insulin (Hypurin Bovine protamine zinc), glargine analog (Lantus) And insulin detemir (Levemir). * Biphasic insulin: combination of short-acting insulin and intermediate-acting insulin in different dose proportion, e.g. 30/70, 50/50 (NovoMix 30, Humulin M3, Hypurin porcine 30/70). Insulin Inhalation. Insulin inhalation is now already available. You just have to inhale this kind of drug, the same as asthma drugs. It is easier and more comfortable for the patient because he/she does not need injection. Insulin Inhalation cannot be administered to patient of lung disease, such as asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The procedure and insulin type will be determined by the physician considering patient’s desire and life style. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Insulin delivered into placenta will not disturb the foetus growth. During pregnancy blood sugar rate have to be maintained, to avoid pregnancy disorders. At early pregnancy, insulin dose usually will be degraded, while at second and third trimester its dose will be boosted up. Insulin will not be secreted to milk, so it is safe for a mother to breastfeed her baby. During breastfeeding insulin dose is lessened. Doctor will give the suggestion about it. |
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